Which factor does not influence friction loss?

• A. Nozzle type
• B. Flow rate
• C. Hose diameter
• D. Length

Answer: (A)

Friction loss in a hose is driven by how far the water travels, how large the hose is, and how much water is moving through it. Longer hose means more distance for energy to be lost to friction. A smaller diameter makes the flow velocity higher for the same volume, increasing friction and turbulence. And a higher flow rate increases friction losses as more energy is shed as the water pushes through the walls. The nozzle type at the outlet doesn’t change the friction happening along the hose itself; it mainly governs the discharge characteristics and backpressure, and while it can affect the actual flow rate, the intrinsic friction along the hose is not determined by the nozzle design. So, the nozzle type does not influence friction loss directly.